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在前面的章节中我们学习了webpack的基础配置（五大核心属性），以及一些高级优化配置（source map、Tree Shaking、 HMR、Code Split等），并且分别开发了webpack.dev.js(开发环境配置)，和webpack.prod.js(生产环境配置)。

这一章节我们将两个配置合并为一个整体配置，内部差异通过process.env.NODE_ENV环境变量区分，并再结合一下react的插件，自己实现一个react-cli脚手架

一、react-cli开发步骤

1. webpack.dev.js和webpack.prod.js的配置

• webpack.dev.js

const path = require("path");
const EslintWebpackPlugin = require("eslint-webpack-plugin");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
const ReactRefreshWebpackPlugin = require("@pmmmwh/react-refresh-webpack-plugin");

// 返回处理样式loader函数
const getStyleLoaders = (pre) => {
  return [
    "style-loader",
    "css-loader",
    {
      // 处理css兼容性问题
      // 配合package.json中browserslist来指定兼容性
      loader: "postcss-loader",
      options: {
        postcssOptions: {
          plugins: ["postcss-preset-env"],
        },
      },
    },
    pre,
  ].filter(Boolean);
};

module.exports = {
  entry: "./src/main.js",
  output: {
    path: undefined,
    filename: "static/js/[name].js",
    chunkFilename: "static/js/[name].chunk.js",
    assetModuleFilename: "static/media/[hash:10][ext][query]",
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      // 处理css
      {
        test: /.css$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders(),
      },
      {
        test: /.less$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("less-loader"),
      },
      {
        test: /.s[ac]ss$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("sass-loader"),
      },
      {
        test: /.styl$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("stylus-loader"),
      },
      // 处理图片
      {
        test: /.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp|svg)$/,
        type: "asset",
        parser: {
          dataUrlCondition: {
            maxSize: 10 * 1024,
          },
        },
      },
      // 处理其他资源
      {
        test: /.(woff2?|ttf)$/,
        type: "asset/resource",
      },
      // 处理js
      {
        test: /.jsx?$/,
        include: path.resolve(__dirname, "../src"),
        loader: "babel-loader",
        options: {
          cacheDirectory: true,
          cacheCompression: false,
          plugins: [
            "react-refresh/babel", // 激活js的HMR
          ],
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  // 处理html
  plugins: [
    new EslintWebpackPlugin({
      context: path.resolve(__dirname, "../src"),
      exclude: "node_modules",
      cache: true,
      cacheLocation: path.resolve(__dirname, "../node_modules/.cache/.eslintcache"),
    }),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: path.resolve(__dirname, "../public/index.html"),
    }),
    new ReactRefreshWebpackPlugin(), // 激活js的HMR
  ],
  mode: "development",
  devtool: "cheap-module-source-map",
  optimization: {
    splitChunks: {
      chunks: "all",
    },
    runtimeChunk: {
      name: (entrypoint) => `runtime~${entrypoint.name}.js`,
    },
  },
  // webpack解析模块加载选项
  resolve: {
    // 自动补全文件扩展名
    extensions: [".jsx", ".js", ".json"],
  },
  devServer: {
    host: "localhost",
    port: 3000,
    open: true,
    hot: true, // 开启HMR
    historyApiFallback: true, // 解决前端路由刷新404问题
  },
};

• webpack.prod.js

const path = require("path");
const EslintWebpackPlugin = require("eslint-webpack-plugin");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");
const CssMinimizerWebpackPlugin = require("css-minimizer-webpack-plugin");
const TerserWebpackPlugin = require("terser-webpack-plugin");
const ImageMinimizerPlugin = require("image-minimizer-webpack-plugin");
const CopyPlugin = require("copy-webpack-plugin");

// 返回处理样式loader函数
const getStyleLoaders = (pre) => {
  return [
    MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
    "css-loader",
    {
      // 处理css兼容性问题
      // 配合package.json中browserslist来指定兼容性
      loader: "postcss-loader",
      options: {
        postcssOptions: {
          plugins: ["postcss-preset-env"],
        },
      },
    },
    pre,
  ].filter(Boolean);
};

module.exports = {
  entry: "./src/main.js",
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"),
    filename: "static/js/[name].[contenthash:10].js",
    chunkFilename: "static/js/[name].[contenthash:10].chunk.js",
    assetModuleFilename: "static/media/[hash:10][ext][query]",
    clean: true,
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      // 处理css
      {
        test: /.css$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders(),
      },
      {
        test: /.less$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("less-loader"),
      },
      {
        test: /.s[ac]ss$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("sass-loader"),
      },
      {
        test: /.styl$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("stylus-loader"),
      },
      // 处理图片
      {
        test: /.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp|svg)$/,
        type: "asset",
        parser: {
          dataUrlCondition: {
            maxSize: 10 * 1024,
          },
        },
      },
      // 处理其他资源
      {
        test: /.(woff2?|ttf)$/,
        type: "asset/resource",
      },
      // 处理js
      {
        test: /.jsx?$/,
        include: path.resolve(__dirname, "../src"),
        loader: "babel-loader",
        options: {
          cacheDirectory: true,
          cacheCompression: false,
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  // 处理html
  plugins: [
    new EslintWebpackPlugin({
      context: path.resolve(__dirname, "../src"),
      exclude: "node_modules",
      cache: true,
      cacheLocation: path.resolve(__dirname, "../node_modules/.cache/.eslintcache"),
    }),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: path.resolve(__dirname, "../public/index.html"),
    }),
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: "static/css/[name].[contenthash:10].css",
      chunkFilename: "static/css/[name].[contenthash:10].chunk.css",
    }),
    new CopyPlugin({
      patterns: [
        {
          from: path.resolve(__dirname, "../public"),
          to: path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"),
          globOptions: {
            // 忽略index.html文件
            ignore: ["**/index.html"],
          },
        },
      ],
    }),
  ],
  mode: "production",
  devtool: "source-map",
  optimization: {
    splitChunks: {
      chunks: "all",
    },
    runtimeChunk: {
      name: (entrypoint) => `runtime~${entrypoint.name}.js`,
    },
    minimizer: [
      new CssMinimizerWebpackPlugin(),
      new TerserWebpackPlugin(),
      new ImageMinimizerPlugin({
        minimizer: {
          implementation: ImageMinimizerPlugin.imageminGenerate,
          options: {
            plugins: [
              ["gifsicle", { interlaced: true }],
              ["jpegtran", { progressive: true }],
              ["optipng", { optimizationLevel: 5 }],
              [
                "svgo",
                {
                  plugins: [
                    "preset-default",
                    "prefixIds",
                    {
                      name: "sortAttrs",
                      params: {
                        xmlnsOrder: "alphabetical",
                      },
                    },
                  ],
                },
              ],
            ],
          },
        },
      }),
    ],
  },
  // webpack解析模块加载选项
  resolve: {
    // 自动补全文件扩展名
    extensions: [".jsx", ".js", ".json"],
  },
};

2. 下载cross-env 获取环境变量，配置打包命令

npm i cross-env -D

更改package.json中的打包方式

• package.json

"scripts": {
    "start": "npm run dev",
    "dev": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development webpack serve --config ./config/webpack.config.js",
    "build": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack --config ./config/webpack.config.js"
  },

3. 合并生产和开发配置为webpack.config.js

完整代码如下：

const path = require("path");
const EslintWebpackPlugin = require("eslint-webpack-plugin");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require("mini-css-extract-plugin");
const CssMinimizerWebpackPlugin = require("css-minimizer-webpack-plugin");
const TerserWebpackPlugin = require("terser-webpack-plugin");
const ImageMinimizerPlugin = require("image-minimizer-webpack-plugin");
const CopyPlugin = require("copy-webpack-plugin");
const ReactRefreshWebpackPlugin = require("@pmmmwh/react-refresh-webpack-plugin");

// 获取cross-env定义的环境变量
const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === "production";

// 返回处理样式loader函数
const getStyleLoaders = (pre) => {
  return [
    isProduction ? MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader : "style-loader",
    "css-loader",
    {
      // 处理css兼容性问题
      // 配合package.json中browserslist来指定兼容性
      loader: "postcss-loader",
      options: {
        postcssOptions: {
          plugins: ["postcss-preset-env"],
        },
      },
    },
    pre && {
      loader: pre,
      options:
        pre === "less-loader"
          ? {
              // antd自定义主题配置
              // 主题色文档：https://ant.design/docs/react/customize-theme-cn#Ant-Design-%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F
              lessOptions: {
                modifyVars: { "@primary-color": "#1DA57A" },
                javascriptEnabled: true,
              },
            }
          : {},
    },
  ].filter(Boolean);
};

module.exports = {
  entry: "./src/main.js",
  output: {
    path: isProduction ? path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist") : undefined, // 开发环境不指定输出目录，使用默认的输出目录
    filename: isProduction ? "static/js/[name].[contenthash:10].js" : "static/js/[name].js", // 生产环境使用contenthash，开发环境使用hash
    chunkFilename: isProduction ? "static/js/[name].[contenthash:10].chunk.js" : "static/js/[name].chunk.js", 
    assetModuleFilename: "static/media/[hash:10][ext][query]", // 配置图片资源输出的文件名
    clean: true, // 每次打包前清除dist目录
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      // 处理css
      {
        test: /.css$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders(),
      },
      {
        test: /.less$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("less-loader"),
      },
      {
        test: /.s[ac]ss$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("sass-loader"),
      },
      {
        test: /.styl$/,
        use: getStyleLoaders("stylus-loader"),
      },
      // 处理图片
      {
        test: /.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp|svg)$/,
        type: "asset",
        parser: {
          dataUrlCondition: {
            maxSize: 10 * 1024,
          },
        },
      },
      // 处理其他资源
      {
        test: /.(woff2?|ttf)$/,
        type: "asset/resource",
      },
      // 处理js
      {
        test: /.jsx?$/,
        include: path.resolve(__dirname, "../src"),
        loader: "babel-loader",
        options: {
          cacheDirectory: true,
          cacheCompression: false,
          plugins: [
            !isProduction && "react-refresh/babel", // 激活js的HMR
          ].filter(Boolean),
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  // 处理html
  plugins: [
    new EslintWebpackPlugin({ // eslint检查
      context: path.resolve(__dirname, "../src"), // 指定检查的目录
      exclude: "node_modules", // 指定排除的目录
      cache: true, // 开启缓存，提升eslint检查速度
      cacheLocation: path.resolve(__dirname, "../node_modules/.cache/.eslintcache"), // 指定缓存文件存放位置
    }),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: path.resolve(__dirname, "../public/index.html"), // 指定html模板
    }),
    isProduction &&
      new MiniCssExtractPlugin({ // 提取css为单独文件
        filename: "static/css/[name].[contenthash:10].css", // 提取的css文件名
        chunkFilename: "static/css/[name].[contenthash:10].chunk.css", // 提取的css chunk文件名
      }),
    isProduction &&
      new CopyPlugin({ // 将public目录下的文件拷贝到dist目录下
        patterns: [
          {
            from: path.resolve(__dirname, "../public"),
            to: path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"),
            globOptions: {
              // 忽略index.html文件
              ignore: ["**/index.html"],
            },
          },
        ],
      }),
    !isProduction && new ReactRefreshWebpackPlugin(), // 开发环境开启HMR
  ].filter(Boolean),
  mode: isProduction ? "production" : "development",
  devtool: isProduction ? "source-map" : "cheap-module-source-map", // 配置source-map映射， 生产环境使用source-map，开发环境使用cheap-module-source-map
  optimization: {
    splitChunks: {
      chunks: "all",
      cacheGroups: {
        // react react-dom react-router-dom 一起打包成一个js文件
        react: {
          test: /[\/]node_modules[\/]react(.*)?[\/]/,
          name: "chunk-react",
          priority: 40,
        },
        // antd 单独打包
        antd: {
          test: /[\/]node_modules[\/]antd[\/]/,
          name: "chunk-antd",
          priority: 30,
        },
        // 剩下node_modules单独打包
        libs: {
          test: /[\/]node_modules[\/]/,
          name: "chunk-libs",
          priority: 20,
        },
      },
    },
    runtimeChunk: {
      name: (entrypoint) => `runtime~${entrypoint.name}.js`, // 为每个入口添加一个runtime文件
    },
    // 是否需要进行压缩
    minimize: isProduction, // 生产环境压缩
    minimizer: [
      new CssMinimizerWebpackPlugin(), // 压缩css
      new TerserWebpackPlugin(), // 压缩js
      new ImageMinimizerPlugin({ // 压缩图片
        minimizer: {
          implementation: ImageMinimizerPlugin.imageminGenerate,
          options: {
            plugins: [
              ["gifsicle", { interlaced: true }],
              ["jpegtran", { progressive: true }],
              ["optipng", { optimizationLevel: 5 }],
              [
                "svgo",
                {
                  plugins: [
                    "preset-default",
                    "prefixIds",
                    {
                      name: "sortAttrs",
                      params: {
                        xmlnsOrder: "alphabetical",
                      },
                    },
                  ],
                },
              ],
            ],
          },
        },
      }),
    ],
  },
  // webpack解析模块加载选项
  resolve: {
    // 自动补全文件扩展名
    extensions: [".jsx", ".js", ".json"],
  },
  devServer: {
    host: "localhost",
    port: 3000,
    open: true,
    hot: true, // 开启HMR
    historyApiFallback: true, // 解决前端路由刷新404问题
  },
  performance: false, // 关闭性能分析，提升打包速度
};

二、react-cli新增配置介绍

1. 定义生产环境变量

// 获取cross-env定义的环境变量
const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === "production";

2. 借助CopyPlugin ,将public目录下的文件拷贝到dist目录下

    const CopyPlugin = require("copy-webpack-plugin");
    plugins: [
     new CopyPlugin({ // 将public目录下的文件拷贝到dist目录下
        patterns: [
          {
            from: path.resolve(__dirname, "../public"),
            to: path.resolve(__dirname, "../dist"),
            globOptions: {
              // 忽略index.html文件
              ignore: ["**/index.html"],
            },
          },
        ],
      }),
    ]
   

3. 借助ReactRefreshWebpackPlugin 开启开发环境HMR

const ReactRefreshWebpackPlugin = require("@pmmmwh/react-refresh-webpack-plugin");
module:{
	rules:[
		// 处理js
      {
        test: /.jsx?$/,
        include: path.resolve(__dirname, "../src"),
        loader: "babel-loader",
        options: {
          cacheDirectory: true,
          cacheCompression: false,
          plugins: [
            !isProduction && "react-refresh/babel", // 激活js的HMR
          ].filter(Boolean),
        },
      },
	]
},
plugins: [
	!isProduction && new ReactRefreshWebpackPlugin(), // 开发环境开启HMR
]

4. 解析模块，自动补全扩展名

  // webpack解析模块加载选项
  resolve: {
    // 自动补全文件扩展名
    extensions: [".jsx", ".js", ".json"],
  },

5. 配置 historyApiFallback: true, 解决前端路由刷新404问题

  devServer: {
    host: "localhost",
    port: 3000,
    open: true,
    hot: true, // 开启HMR
    historyApiFallback: true, // 解决前端路由刷新404问题
  },

6. 关闭性能分析，提升打包速度

performance: false, // 关闭性能分析，提升打包速度

7. 通过cssloader自定义antd主题

pre && {
      loader: pre,
      options:
        pre === "less-loader"
          ? {
              // antd自定义主题配置
              lessOptions: {
                modifyVars: { "@primary-color": "#1DA57A" },
                javascriptEnabled: true,
              },
            }
          : {},
    },

8. 关闭多进程打包

在项目没有达到一定规模之前，开启多进程反而会减慢打包速度

9. 模块分离打包

cacheGroups: {
        // react react-dom react-router-dom 一起打包成一个js文件
        react: {
          test: /[\/]node_modules[\/]react(.*)?[\/]/,
          name: "chunk-react",
          priority: 40,
        },
        // antd 单独打包
        antd: {
          test: /[\/]node_modules[\/]antd[\/]/,
          name: "chunk-antd",
          priority: 30,
        },
        // 剩下node_modules单独打包
        libs: {
          test: /[\/]node_modules[\/]/,
          name: "chunk-libs",
          priority: 20,
        },
      },